Fiber Optic Module Features Overview

The fiber optic module can be classified into various categories based on their performance characteristics and end-use. Currently 6 primary form-factors of fiber optic transceivers are SFP+, SFP, GBIC, X2, 10G XFP, XENPAK, and QSFP+ for 40Gbps,CFP transceiver for 100Gbps. Commonly transceiver modules have the features of fiber mode, transfer rate, transmission distance, wavelength, and connector type.

Fiber Mode
The two basic classifications of fiber mode types are multi-mode and single-mode. Multi-mode fiber transceiver is installed in multi-mode fiber connection for short reach (usually with the nomenclature "SR") and single-mode transceiver module is installed in single-mode fib

er connection for long reach (usually with the nomenclature "LR").

Wavelength
Infrared light is used in the transmission of data over fiber optic networks. A wavelength is the measurement of the distance between successive crests in the light wave. Fiber optic transceivers typically transmit data at one of three primary wavelengths: 850nm, 1310nm or 1550nm. Multi-mode fiber is designed to operate at 850nm and 1300nm wavelengths, while single-mode fiber is optimized for 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths.

Connector Type
Transceiver modules can be classified into different groups based on their connector types. There are four main types of fiber optic connectors used in conjunction with optical transceivers today: SC, LC, MPO, and ST. These connector types generally follow a color code system to differentiate between connectors compatible with single-mode and multi-mode fiber.

Most optical transceivers use duplex connectors, one for transmit and one for receive. There are Bi-Directional (BiDi) optical transceivers that are deployed in pairs with each end transmitting on a different wavelength (e.g., 1310nm and 1490nm). Each BiDi transceiver includes a 2-channel wavelength division multiplexer to separate/combine the two wavelengths.

For the newer QSFP and CFP modules that utilize a MPO connector, there is only a single connector but, as described in the table above, each connector may have 12 or 24 fibers, each of which connect to separate transmitters/receivers within the optical transceiver.

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